ืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื’ืจืกื” ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ยท ื’ื–ืขื™ ื”ืื“ื

5.3 ๐ŸŒฒ ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ื

ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ื ื”ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื, ื”ืคืจืื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื. ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื”ืขื“ ืกื™ืœืงื•ืŸ, ื”ืงืจื•ื™ ืขืœ ืฉืžื, ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืœื”ืคืš โ€” ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืื—ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช, ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืฉืžื, ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื ื’ื–ืจื™ื ืžื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื™ืœืง, ื—ืฆื™ึพืืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืฉืกื™ืื™ืช. ืกื™ืœืง ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืื—ื– ื‘ื• ืฉื™ื’ืขื•ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืื• ืงืœืœื” ืงื“ื•ืžื”, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื ื˜ืฉ ืืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื, ื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืžืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ื—ื•ืง ื•ืžื•ืกืจ, ื•ื—ื™ ืืช ืฉืืจื™ืช ื™ืžื™ื• ื›ืคืจื ืžื•ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื™ืขืจื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื ืฉ ื—ื™, ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื”ืืžืช ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ื ืขืฆืžื: ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื” ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ.

ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ืื•ืœื™ ืžืขื˜ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืืš ื’ื•ืคื ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืขื•ืจื ื—ื•ื ื›ื”ื”, ืฉื™ืขืจื ืฉื—ื•ืจ, ืืจื•ืš ื•ืžืกื•ืœืกืœ, ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“. ื’ื•ืคื ืืชืœื˜ื™ ืžืื•ื“, ื—ืกืจ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื›ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉื—ื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”, ื‘ืฆื™ื“, ื‘ืžื ื•ืกื” ืื• ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ืฉืงื˜ ืขื ืชื ืื™ ื”ื™ืขืจ. ื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ื—ื™ื, ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืžืงื ื™ื ืœื”ื ืžืจืื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืก, ืœื“ื”ื•ืจ, ืœืืจื•ื‘ ื•ืœื”ื™ืขืœื. ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”; ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื ื™, ื›ืžื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื–ืงืงื• ืœื”.

ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืจืง ื‘ืžืจืื, ืืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื. ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ื ืื™ื ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ืช ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช, ืื™ื ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืžื”ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืœื“ ื™ืœื“ ืกื™ืœืงื™, ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืืžื• ืฉื•ื”ื™ื ืขืžื• ื™ื—ื“ ืจืง ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืฉ. ืื– ืคื•ืจืฉ ื”ืื‘ ื•ื”ืื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื‘ื“ื”. ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืชื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ื ืคืจื“ืช ืžืžื ื• ื’ื ื”ืื, ื•ื”ื ืขืจ ืื• ื”ื ืขืจื” ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื, ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ.

ืžืจื’ืข ื–ื” ื•ืื™ืœืš, ื”ืกื™ืœืง ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ืœื‘ื“ื•: ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื™ื, ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืœื• ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ, ืื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื ื—ืฉื™ื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืงืจื•ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื’ืฉื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื˜ืคืก ืขืœ ืขืฅ ื‘ืœื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ืœ, ื•ืื™ืš ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื™ื— ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืื ื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื ืชื™ื‘ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืื›ื–ืจื™ืช ืœืžืจืื”, ืืš ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ื ื”ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉื” ืืœื ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื™ื“ื” ืืจื•ืš. ื™ืœื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืคืจื“ ืžื”ื•ืจื™ื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ื‘ืืžืช ืœืกื™ืœืง.

ื”ืื‘ ื•ื”ืื ืขืฆืžื ืื™ื ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ. ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ื•ืชื• ืœื. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกื“ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืง ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื’ื ืื”ื‘ื”, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืฆืœ ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ื, ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื”: ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืืœื ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืจื’ืขื™, ื‘ื”ื›ืจื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื”ืฉืงื˜ื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื ื”ืœืื”.

ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืœึพื”ืขื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื™ืฉื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ื” ืื•ืชื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืฅ ืขืฆืžื•. ืœืคื™ ืืžื•ื ืชื, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืชื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื›ืœืœ ืืœื ืขืฆื™ื โ€” ื›ืœ ืกื™ืœืง ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ืขืฅ ืื—ืจ, ืžืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื‘ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืกื™ืœืง ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฅ ืฉืžืžื ื• ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ: ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืงืฉื™ื, ืขื™ืงืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืชืงื™ื; ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืขืฆื•ื‘ื™ื, ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช; ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ ืื•ืจืŸ โ€” ื—ื“ื™ื, ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžืชื ืฉืื™ื ืœื’ื•ื‘ื”; ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ ืชืื ื”, ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื, ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื”.

ืœืคื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ืช, ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ื—ื˜ืื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ โ€” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืžื” โ€” ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืœึพื”ืขื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœืžื“ื• ืœืงื—. ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ืื•ื•ื”; ืื—ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืจืฆื•ืŸึพื™ืชืจ ืœื ื•ืข, ืœืจืื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ืช; ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื ื™ื ืกื™ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืชื—ืคื•ืฉืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฅ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขื”, ื›ืื‘, ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช โ€” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฅ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื›ื™ืจ.

ืืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ื. ื”ืกื™ืœืง ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื” ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื•, ื•ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžื’ืœื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืขื•ืœืžื• ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื• ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”: ื”ืจืฆื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ืขืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจ, ื”ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื–ื”ื”, ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื•ืช, ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืžืžื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืชื”, ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื ื—ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืจืื• ืœืขื™ืŸ.

ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœืคื—ื“ โ€” ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืžืžื ื•, ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื–ืจื™ื ืœื•, ืจื•ืขืฉื™ื ืžื“ื™, ืžืจื™ื—ื™ื ืื—ืจืช, ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืขืžื ื—ื•ืง, ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื”, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืกื™ืœืง ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื ืื• ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื”ื.

ื”ืกื™ืœืง ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื” ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื•, ื•ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžื’ืœื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืขื•ืœืžื• ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื• ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”: ื”ืจืฆื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ืขืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจ, ื”ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื–ื”ื”, ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื•ืช, ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืžืžื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืชื”, ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื ื—ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืจืื• ืœืขื™ืŸ.

ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœืคื—ื“ โ€” ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืžืžื ื•, ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื–ืจื™ื ืœื•, ืจื•ืขืฉื™ื ืžื“ื™, ืžืจื™ื—ื™ื ืื—ืจืช, ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืขืžื ื—ื•ืง, ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื”, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืกื™ืœืง ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื ืื• ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื”ื.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืฉื• ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ืืช ื™ืขืจ ืกื™ืœืงื•ืŸ, ื”ื ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ. ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช, ืœื ืงืจื‘ ื—ื–ื™ืชื™, ื•ืœื ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ. ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ื ืœื ื™ืฆืื• ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืื•ืช, ืœื ื”ืงื™ืžื• ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื”ื™ืขืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ืคืš ืœืฉื“ื” ื”ืงืจื‘.

ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืืœ ื”ื™ืขืจ ืžืฆืื• ืขืฆืžื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื. ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ืจืื• ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื”ืชืคืฆืœื• ื•ื ืขืœืžื•, ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื•ืชืงืคื• ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืœืœื™ื ืฉื ืขืœืžื• ืขื ืฉื—ืจ. ื—ื™ืฆื™ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœื•ื•ื”, ืžืœื›ื•ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคืขืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืœื ืขื–ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื ืœืจื’ืข.

ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ื ืœื ื ืœื—ืžื• ื›ืฆื‘ื โ€” ื”ื ื ืœื—ืžื• ื›ื™ืขืจ.

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ืกื™ืœืงื•ืŸ. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื“ื™, ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื ืžื•ืš ืžื“ื™. ื”ื™ืขืจ ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืฆืžืื™, ื•ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืœื ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช.

ื’ื ื›ื™ื•ื, ืกื™ืœืงื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื ื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืคืœืฆื•ืช ืื• ืงืกืžื™ื ืืคืœื™ื โ€” ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•.

ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ื ืื™ื ื ืจืขื™ื, ื•ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืœืื—ืจื™ื. ืืš ื”ื ื’ื ืื™ื ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืง ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™. ืขื‘ื•ืจื, ื›ืœ ื–ืจ ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™, ื•ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืกื›ื ื” ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช.

5.3.1 ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ื โ€” ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื’ื–ืข

ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืก

ืขืจืšื ืชื•ืŸืขืจืšื ืชื•ืŸ
45โ€“60 ืฉื ื”ืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ืืœื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช
1.65โ€“1.95 ืžืณื’ื•ื‘ื”50โ€“80 ืงืดื’ืžืฉืงืœ
ืกื™ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ืช โ€” ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ืฉืคื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืชืฉืกื™ืื™ืช โ€” ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ืื ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉืกื™ืื™ืชืฉืคื” ื ื•ืกืคืช
ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ื™ื; ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื ื™ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื“ืจื’ื” 4; ืจืื™ื™ื” ื“ืจื’ื” 4ื—ื•ืฉื™ื
ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ืืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืชื‘ื™ืขืจ ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ: 75% ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ืคืจื, 25% ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื™ืขืจื•ืชืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื
ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉืกื™ืื™ืช: ื’ืœื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ืืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ

ืกื•ื’ื™ ืกื™ืœืงื™ื โ€” ื›ื•ื—ึพืกื‘ืœ ื•ืžืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช

ืกื™ืœืง ื‘ื•ืงืฆื™ื”ืกื™ืœืง ืืœื•ืŸืกื™ืœืง ืืจื–ืกื™ืœืง ืื•ืจืŸื ืชื•ืŸ
28323430ื›ื•ื—ึพืกื‘ืœ
5+15+10+0ืื•ืžืฅ
5+5+5+5+ื—ื›ืžื”
30-5+30-30-ืชื‘ื•ื ื”
5-30-00ื›ื•ื—
5+5+10+10+ื›ื•ืฉืจ
10+10+10+10+ืจืฆื•ืŸ
010+10+5+ืงืกื ืื™ืฉื™
010-20-10-ื›ื•ื— ืงืกื
15+10+5+10+ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช
10-5+10+0ืคื™ืงื•ื“
20+10+10+15+ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜
05+10+0ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช
10+10+15-0ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช
10-05+0ื™ื•ืคื™
010-10+0ืงื•ืจ ืจื•ื—

5.3.2 ื”ืกื™ืœืงื™ื โ€” ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช

ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืฉืง ื•ืงืจื‘

ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”
75+ื—ื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื0ืงื”ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื175+ื”ื˜ืœื” ืงื˜ื ื™ื
150+ืงืฉืชื•ืช50-ืจื•ื‘ื™ ืงืฉืช100-ืงืกืžื™ ื”ืชืงืคื”
0ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื25+ืงื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื200+ื”ื˜ืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
50+ืจื•ื’ื˜ืงื•ืช / ืงืœืขื™ื75-ื—ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื125-ืงื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
200-ื—ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“200-ืงื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“0ื—ื ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื
25-ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื100-ืžื’ืŸ ื›ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืคื”25+ื ืฉืงื™ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื
50+ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื

5.3.3 ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื—, ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ื”ืกื•ื•ืื”

ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”
100+ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืขืฆื™ื25+ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืื‘ืŸ75+ื ื™ืชื•ืจ
125+ื›ื™ืคื•ืฃ ืžืชื›ื•ืช0ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื“ืœืชื•ืช25+ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื—ื‘ืœ
100+ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืชืžืฆืื•ืช100+ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืฉืงื˜ื”75+ืคืจื™ืฆืช ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื
150+ื”ื›ื ืช ืžืืจื‘ื™ื0ื”ื›ื ืช ืžืœื›ื•ื“ื•ืช200+ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืขืจ
25-ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™0ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ื”ืจืจื™ืช50+ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื™ืฆืชื™
50-ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ืช75-ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžื•ืฉืœื’100-ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฉืœื’ ื•ื‘ืงืจื—
75+ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ื”ืกืชืชืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช50+ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”150-ืฉื™ื˜
150-ืจื›ื™ื‘ื”0ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ150+ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื

5.3.4 ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™, ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื•ื™ื“ืข

ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”
125-ืขืฆื™ืจืช ื“ื™ืžื•ื75+ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื ื”150+ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขื™ืงื•ื‘
75-ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืœื›ื•ื“ื•ืช100-ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืžืชื›ื•ืช ื•ืื‘ื ื™ื ื™ืงืจื•ืช0ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื
150-ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช200-ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ื™ื100+ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ื™ื‘ืฉื”
50+ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ100-ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืืœึพืžืชื™ื75-ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืงืกื ื•ืฉื“ื™ื
75+ื”ื›ืจืช ืจืขืœื™ื ื•ืกืžื™ื25+ืจื•ืงื—ื•ืช200-ื”ื›ืจืช ื ื™ืžื•ืกื™ื
25-ื”ื›ืจืช ืืžื•ื ื•ืช0ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืคื•ืช

5.3.5 ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืœืื›ื”

ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”
0ืคื™ืชื•ื™50+ืฉื›ื ื•ืข150-ื”ืชื—ืคืฉื•ืช
25-ื”ืคื—ื“ื”50-ืžื™ืงื•ื—25-ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
25-ื”ื•ื ืื” ื•ืฉืงืจ150-ื ื’ื™ื ื”50-ืฉื™ืจื”
100-ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ื•ืฉืจื™ื•ืŸ150-ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื100-ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื—ืคืฆื™ื
50-ื”ื—ื‘ืืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื100-ืงืฉื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืœื™ื