ืกืคืจ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื 2 - ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ - ืขืจื›ื™ื (1) ยท ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื โ€” ืกื“ืจ ืืดื‘

2.4 ื ยท ๐Ÿ‘น ืืœืค

Alp

ืžืกื•ืจืช: ื ื•ืจื“ื™ืช ื•ื’ืจืžืื ื™ืช

ืฉื“ ืฉื™ื ื” ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืฉ ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืกื™ื•ื˜ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืฉ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ื˜ืจืœ ืื•ืชื•.

ื”ืืœืค ื”ื•ื ืฉื“ ืฉื™ื ื” ืงื˜ืŸ, ืฆื ื•ื ื•ืžื”ื™ืจ, ืฉื—ื•ื“ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ืžื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžืคื—ื“, ืกื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืชืฉื™ืฉื•ืช. ื‘ืžืจืื”ื• ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื“ื ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืžืขื•ื•ืช, ื‘ืขืœ ื’ืคื™ื™ื ื“ืงื•ืช, ืคื ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขืจื ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื™. ืขืœ ืจืืฉื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืงื˜ืŸ, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืคืจื˜ ืžื’ื•ื—ืš ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื”. ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืื™ื ื• ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜: ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื›ื•ื—ื• ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื•.

ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืืจื”, ื”ืืœื‘ ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ื•ืœื• ื ื’ื“ ื™ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืžื™ื˜ื”, ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืื• ืžืชืžืงื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืจืืฉื• ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื•. ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช, ื ืคื™ืœื•ืช, ื—ื ืง ื•ืžืจืื•ืช ืื™ื•ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขืจื•ืช ืžืœืื”. ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจืง ืฉื‘ืจื™ ื—ืœื•ื, ืืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ืœืœื ืžื ื•ื—ื”.

ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืืœื‘ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™. ื”ืžืืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ; ื”ืืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืœืฉ ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืžืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก, ืœื”ืกืชืชืจ ื•ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ืชืคืก. ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—. ืื ืื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื• ื•ืื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ื˜ืจืœ ืื•ืชื•, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ืจ ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืœืฉื—ื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”.

ื”ืืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืกืชืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ืฉืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืขืœ ืจืืฉื•. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ื“ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืžืจืื”ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื—ืกืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช โ€” ื—ืชื•ืœ, ื›ืœื‘, ืžื›ืจืกื ืื• ืฆืœ ื—ื•ืœืฃ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ. ืื•ืœื ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ื ื• ื ืขืœื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืชื•. ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืจื’ืข ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืงื˜ืŸ ื ืข ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ืจืืฉ, ืื• ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื“ืจ.

ื’ื ื“ืœืช ื ืขื•ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื’ื™ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ื•. ื”ืืœื‘ ืื™ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื›ื ื™ืกื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื’ื•ืคื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื”. ืกื“ืง, ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื™ืจ, ืคืชื— ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืชื— ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืžื ืขื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื•. ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืขืœื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื“ ื ื›ื ืก.

ืžื˜ืจืชื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื” ืœื”ืจื•ื’. ืื“ื ืฉืžืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื•, ืืš ื”ืืœื‘ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื•. ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืื“ื ืžืคื—ื“ ืœื”ื™ืจื“ื ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื“ื•. ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื, ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ืืœื‘ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืขื™ื ื•ื™.

ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืจืื™ื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ืคืฆืข ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ืื™ืŸ ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื. ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ืชืฉ, ื—ืจื“ ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ. ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ืื™ื ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืœื‘ื™ื, ืงืœ ืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืžื—ืœื”, ืœื—ืฅ ืื• ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืจืขื™ื. ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืืœื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ื“ ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื—ืœืฉ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืื—ื“ ืžื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื’ืœื•ื™.

ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ืฉืœื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื”: ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข. ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืขื ื™ืง ืœืืœื‘ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื”ื™ืขืœื ื•ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ืขืœึพื˜ื‘ืขื™. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกืจ ืžืจืืฉื•, ื”ืฉื“ ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžื™ื“. ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื’ืœื•ื™ ื•ืคื’ื™ืข, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื™ืฉื ื™ื.

ื”ืืœื‘ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื–ืืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืื“ื. ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื‘ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื™ื— ืื•ืชื• ืžืจืฆื•ื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ืžื™ ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืืœื‘ ืขืฆืžื• ืžื’ืœื” ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื–ืจื™ื– ืฉืžืชื—ืžืง ืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื; ืžื™ ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื•ื‘ืข ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘.

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื ืœืงื—, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ืืœื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื’ืข ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื“ ืžืชื’ืจื” ื•ืžืชื—ืžืง ื ืขืฉื” ืžืชื—ื ืŸ, ืžืชืžืงื— ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”. ื›ืกืฃ, ืžื™ื“ืข, ืกื•ื“, ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ืฆื™ืง ืœืื“ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืžื™ื“ ืœื ื•ืฉื ืœืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื•ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืืœื‘ ื™ืขืฉื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ื“ื™ื•.

ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ืืกื•ืจ ืœืžื”ืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื•. ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืขืžื•ืžื” ื›ืžื• "ืืœ ืชื‘ื•ื ืขื•ื“ ื”ืœื™ืœื”" ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ื. ืžื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืชื ืื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ: ืœื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ื”ืžื—ื ื”, ื•ืœื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•. ืืœื‘ ืฉื ืืœืฅ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื ืื™ ื›ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ืืš ื™ื ืกื” ืœืฆืžืฆื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื.

ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื’ื ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืกืชื™ืžืช ืคืชื—ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื™ื“ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ, ืื•ืจ ื”ื ืฉืืจ ื“ื•ืœืง ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืงืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื•. ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืื™ื ื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื›ืžื• ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข, ืืš ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืืœื‘ ืฆื™ืคื” ืœืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื—ืกืจ ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื•.

โš”๏ธ ื”ืืœื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืžื•ืช

ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืืœื‘ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ืกืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื’ื•ืคื• ืงื˜ืŸ, ื›ื•ื—ื• ืžื•ืขื˜ ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืœื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžื›ื•ืช. ืื“ื ืขืจ ื•ื—ืžื•ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ื˜ืจืฃ ืจืฆื•ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื•, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื‘ืจื•ื—, ืœื”ื™ืขืœื ืื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชื— ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื“ืจื›ื• ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกืชืœืง.

ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘. ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื‘ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื. ืื ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืงื•ื“ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื“. ืžื›ื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ืฉืžื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืืœื‘ ืืš ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืขืœ ืจืืฉื• ืคื•ืชืจืช ืจืง ืืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™; ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื•ืœื•.

ืื ื”ืืœื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”, ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืกื’ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•. ื™ืฉ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ืœื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ื—ืคืฅ ืฉื ืข ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงืœ ื‘ืžืฆืขื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืจืืฉื• ื ืžืฆื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื’ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื•.

ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ื”ืืœื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืœื‘ ื‘ืœื™ ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™. ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืชืžืงื—, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืคืขืœ ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื’ื ื‘ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ.

ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืœื• ืืคื•ื ืงืฆืจ ืžืื•ื“: ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื•, ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ, ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื•ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื• ืฉื•ื‘. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื—ื”.

โœจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช

ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื”ื›ื•ื—. ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื‘ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ื•ื‘ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ืฉ. ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืขืœ ืจืืฉื• ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืกืชืชืจ, ืœื”ื™ืขืœื ื•ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืฉื ืช ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื•. ืื ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื ืœืงื— ืžืžื ื•, ื”ื•ื ืžืื‘ื“ ืžื™ื“ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืขืœึพื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื—ืœืฉ ื•ืคื’ื™ืข. ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง: ื—ื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข: ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื‘ึพ150- ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข, ืื• ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื•ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื›ื•ื—. ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข: 250- ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœึพื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.

ืกื™ื•ื˜ื™ื. ื”ืืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืฉื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืœืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืงืฉื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืœื ืžื ื•ื—ื”. ื›ืžื” ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฉื—ื™ืงื”, ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื ืคืฆืข ื›ืœืœ. ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง: ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื”: ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ื›ื•ื—ึพืกื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ 10- ืœืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœืžื—ืจืช, ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืขื“ 30-.

ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืžืกื’ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•. ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืืœื‘ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชืชืจ ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื”, ืงืฉื” ืœื• ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข. ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืœืืชืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื“ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื”. ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง: ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืžืืชืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ืœืœื ืขื•ื ืฉ.

ื—ืœืฉ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘. ืืœื‘ ืฉื ื—ืฉืฃ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื“ื ืขืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ืจื™ื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ื”ื•ื ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื‘ืจื•ื—, ืœื”ืกืชืชืจ ืื• ืœื”ืชืžืงื—, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื•ื‘ืขื• ื ืœืงื—.

ื™ืขืฉื” ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข. ืืœื‘ ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ื›ื•ื‘ืขื• ื™ื ืกื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืกืชื›ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื”ื˜ืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืคืชืข ืœืฆื“ ื”ื—ืœืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื”.

๐Ÿ—บ๏ธ ืชืคื•ืฆื”

ื”ืืœื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื™ืขืจ, ื”ืจ ืื• ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืืœื ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ืช, ืคื•ื ื“ืงื™ื, ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืืฃ ื‘ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืชื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืกื“ื•ืงื™ื, ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืคืชื—ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื•ืœืฆืืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื“ืœืช.

ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืกื™ื”, ื‘ืกืจืžืœื™ ื•ื‘ืชืจื‘ื ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช. ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ื ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืชื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื, ืืœื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฆืžื“ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ.